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rn Xd S(a s OS routines for Mac, NT, or Posix depending on what system we're on.
This exports:
- all functions from posix, nt, os2, or ce, e.g. unlink, stat, etc.
- os.path is one of the modules posixpath, or ntpath
- os.name is 'posix', 'nt', 'os2', 'ce' or 'riscos'
- os.curdir is a string representing the current directory ('.' or ':')
- os.pardir is a string representing the parent directory ('..' or '::')
- os.sep is the (or a most common) pathname separator ('/' or ':' or '\\')
- os.extsep is the extension separator ('.' or '/')
- os.altsep is the alternate pathname separator (None or '/')
- os.pathsep is the component separator used in $PATH etc
- os.linesep is the line separator in text files ('\r' or '\n' or '\r\n')
- os.defpath is the default search path for executables
- os.devnull is the file path of the null device ('/dev/null', etc.)
Programs that import and use 'os' stand a better chance of being
portable between different platforms. Of course, they must then
only use functions that are defined by all platforms (e.g., unlink
and opendir), and leave all pathname manipulation to os.path
(e.g., split and join).
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r } | j t j k r q n X| t k r d Sn t | | d S( s makedirs(path [, mode=0777])
Super-mkdir; create a leaf directory and all intermediate ones.
Works like mkdir, except that any intermediate path segment (not
just the rightmost) will be created if it does not exist. This is
recursive.
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rn Pn Xt j | \ } } q@ Wd S( s removedirs(path)
Super-rmdir; remove a leaf directory and all empty intermediate
ones. Works like rmdir except that, if the leaf directory is
successfully removed, directories corresponding to rightmost path
segments will be pruned away until either the whole path is
consumed or an error occurs. Errors during this latter phase are
ignored -- they generally mean that a directory was not empty.
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removedirs s
c C s t j | \ } } | r> | r> t j | r> t | n t | | t j | \ } } | r | r y t | Wq t k
r q Xn d S( s@ renames(old, new)
Super-rename; create directories as necessary and delete any left
empty. Works like rename, except creation of any intermediate
directories needed to make the new pathname good is attempted
first. After the rename, directories corresponding to rightmost
path segments of the old name will be pruned way until either the
whole path is consumed or a nonempty directory is found.
Note: this function can fail with the new directory structure made
if you lack permissions needed to unlink the leaf directory or
file.
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Directory tree generator.
For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), yields a 3-tuple
dirpath, dirnames, filenames
dirpath is a string, the path to the directory. dirnames is a list of
the names of the subdirectories in dirpath (excluding '.' and '..').
filenames is a list of the names of the non-directory files in dirpath.
Note that the names in the lists are just names, with no path components.
To get a full path (which begins with top) to a file or directory in
dirpath, do os.path.join(dirpath, name).
If optional arg 'topdown' is true or not specified, the triple for a
directory is generated before the triples for any of its subdirectories
(directories are generated top down). If topdown is false, the triple
for a directory is generated after the triples for all of its
subdirectories (directories are generated bottom up).
When topdown is true, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place
(e.g., via del or slice assignment), and walk will only recurse into the
subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames; this can be used to prune
the search, or to impose a specific order of visiting. Modifying
dirnames when topdown is false is ineffective, since the directories in
dirnames have already been generated by the time dirnames itself is
generated.
By default errors from the os.listdir() call are ignored. If
optional arg 'onerror' is specified, it should be a function; it
will be called with one argument, an os.error instance. It can
report the error to continue with the walk, or raise the exception
to abort the walk. Note that the filename is available as the
filename attribute of the exception object.
By default, os.walk does not follow symbolic links to subdirectories on
systems that support them. In order to get this functionality, set the
optional argument 'followlinks' to true.
Caution: if you pass a relative pathname for top, don't change the
current working directory between resumptions of walk. walk never
changes the current directory, and assumes that the client doesn't
either.
Example:
import os
from os.path import join, getsize
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'):
print root, "consumes",
print sum([getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files]),
print "bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files"
if 'CVS' in dirs:
dirs.remove('CVS') # don't visit CVS directories
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R6 c G s t | | d S( sp execl(file, *args)
Execute the executable file with argument list args, replacing the
current process. N( t execv( t filet args( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt execl3 s c G s" | d } t | | d | d S( s execle(file, *args, env)
Execute the executable file with argument list args and
environment env, replacing the current process. iN( t execve( RB RC t env( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt execle: s
c G s t | | d S( s execlp(file, *args)
Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
with argument list args, replacing the current process. N( t execvp( RB RC ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt execlpB s c G s" | d } t | | d | d S( s execlpe(file, *args, env)
Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
with argument list args and environment env, replacing the current
process. iN( t execvpe( RB RC RF ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt execlpeI s
c C s t | | d S( s execvp(file, args)
Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
with argument list args, replacing the current process.
args may be a list or tuple of strings. N( t _execvpe( RB RC ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyRH R s c C s t | | | d S( s execvpe(file, args, env)
Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
with argument list args and environment env , replacing the
current process.
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c C sJ t j j | | j } x* | j D] \ } } | | | j integer
Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. N( R R4 RA ( R% RB RC ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyR~ , s c C s t | | | | t S( s: spawnve(mode, file, args, env) -> integer
Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the
specified environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. ( R RE ( R% RB RC RF ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnve5 s c C s t | | | d t S( s8 spawnvp(mode, file, args) -> integer
Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from
args in a subprocess.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. N( R R4 RH ( R% RB RC ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnvpA s c C s t | | | | t S( s\ spawnvpe(mode, file, args, env) -> integer
Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from
args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. ( R RJ ( R% RB RC RF ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnvpeK s c G s t | | | S( s spawnl(mode, file, *args) -> integer
Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. ( R~ ( R% RB RC ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnlY s c G s! | d } t | | | d | S( s: spawnle(mode, file, *args, env) -> integer
Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the
supplied environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. i( R ( R% RB RC RF ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnleb s
R R R R c G s t | | | S( sW spawnlp(mode, file, *args) -> integer
Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from
args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. ( R ( R% RB RC ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnlpt s c G s! | d } t | | | d | S( s] spawnlpe(mode, file, *args, env) -> integer
Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from
args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. i( R ( R% RB RC RF ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyt spawnlpe~ s
R R R t popen2t tc C s d d l } d } | j | t d d d d l } | j } | j | d t | t d | d | d | d
t } | j | j
f S( s Execute the shell command 'cmd' in a sub-process. On UNIX, 'cmd'
may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to
the program without shell intervention (as with os.spawnv()). If 'cmd'
is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with os.system()). If
'bufsize' is specified, it sets the buffer size for the I/O pipes. The
file objects (child_stdin, child_stdout) are returned.iNs4 os.popen2 is deprecated. Use the subprocess module.t
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| d t } | j | j
| j f S( s Execute the shell command 'cmd' in a sub-process. On UNIX, 'cmd'
may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to
the program without shell intervention (as with os.spawnv()). If 'cmd'
is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with os.system()). If
'bufsize' is specified, it sets the buffer size for the I/O pipes. The
file objects (child_stdin, child_stdout, child_stderr) are returned.iNs4 os.popen3 is deprecated. Use the subprocess module.R i R R R R t stderrR ( R R R R R R R R R R R R ( R R% R R R R R R ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyR s t popen4c C s d d l } d } | j | t d d d d l } | j } | j | d t | t d | d | d | d
| j d t } | j
| j f S( s Execute the shell command 'cmd' in a sub-process. On UNIX, 'cmd'
may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to
the program without shell intervention (as with os.spawnv()). If 'cmd'
is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with os.system()). If
'bufsize' is specified, it sets the buffer size for the I/O pipes. The
file objects (child_stdin, child_stdout_stderr) are returned.iNs4 os.popen4 is deprecated. Use the subprocess module.R i R R R R R R ( R R R R R R R R t STDOUTR R R ( R R% R R R R R R ( ( s /usr/lib64/python2.7/os.pyR s c C s
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